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Contributing Guidelines

Thank you for your interest in contributing to the Android distribution of the Amplify Framework. Whether it's a bug report, new feature, correction, or additional documentation, the project maintainers at AWS greatly value your feedback and contributions.

Please read through this document before submitting any issues or pull requests. Doing so will help to ensure that the project maintainers have all information necessary to effectively respond to your bug report or contribution.

Getting Started

First, ensure that you have installed the latest stable version of Android Studio / the Android SDK.

Configure your environment, so that the ANDROID_HOME and JAVA_HOME environment variables are set. A convenient way of doing this is to add them into ~/.bashrc. On a Mac, the SDK and Java installation used by the SDK may be found:

export ANDROID_HOME=~/Library/Android/sdk
export JAVA_HOME=/Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/jre/jdk/Contents/Home

Note: JDK 11, 12, 13, etc. have known issues and are not supported.

Now, clone the Amplify Android project from GitHub.

git clone [email protected]:aws-amplify/amplify-android.git

Load this project into Android Studio by selecting File > Open, and choosing the root directory of the project (amplify-android). Alternately, cd into this top-level directory.

In Android Studio, build the project by clicking the Hammer icon, "Make Project ⌘F9". If working on the command line, you can do the same thing via:

./gradlew build

Consuming Development Versions of the Framework

Once you've built the framework, you can manually install the Framework by publishing its artifacts to your local Maven repository.

The local Maven repository is usually found in your home directory at ~/.m2/repository.

To publish the outputs of the build, execute the following command from the root of the amplify-android project:

./gradlew publishToMavenLocal

After this, you can use the published development artifacts from an app. To do so, specify mavenLocal() inside the app's top-level build.gradle(Project) file:

buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenLocal() // this should ideally appear before other repositories
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.0.1'
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        mavenLocal() // this should ideally appear before other repositories
    }
}

Then, find the VERSION_NAME of the library inside gradle.properties file.

Use the above version to specify dependencies in your app's build.gradle (:app) file:

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.amplifyframework:core:VERSION_NAME'
}

Tools

Gradle is used for all build and dependency management.

Some widely used dependencies are:

  1. org.json is baked into Android, and is used for all modeling with JSON.
  2. Gson is used for serialization and deserialization.
  3. OkHttp is used for network operations.

Unit and component tests, which run on your development machine, use:

  1. jUnit, to make assertions
  2. Mockito, to mock dependencies
  3. Robolectric, to simulate an Android device when unit tests execute on your machine.

Instrumentation tests, which run on an Android device or emulator use AndroidX test core, runner, and a jUnit extension. See Android's notes on using AndroidX for test.

Workflows

Adding Code to Support a New Feature

Be aware of the Getting Started and Pull Request guides. This portion deals actually with changing some code.

First, identify the module you'll modify. The various Gradle modules are described below:

  • core - The Framework itself, including category behavior definitions
  • aws-auth-cognito - A plugin implementation of the Auth category that speaks to Amazon Cognito through the legacy AWSMobileClient utility
  • aws-datastore - An AppSync-based plugin for the DataStore category
  • aws-api - Plugin for API category with special abilities to talk to AppSync and API Gateway endpoints
  • aws-api-appsync - AppSync implementation details that are shared accross multiple plugins implementations (aws-api, aws-datastore)
  • aws-storage-s3 - A plugin for the Storage category, leveraging S3, Cognito
  • aws-predictions - A plugin for Predictions category, leveraging numerous Amazon machine learnings services.
  • aws-predictions-tensorflow - A plugin for the Predictions category which does machine learning on the device, using TensorFlow Lite
  • aws-analytics-pinpoint - A plugin for the Analytics category, leveraging Amazon Pinpoint
  • rxbindings - A front-end for Amplify that expresses operations as Rx primitives
  • amplify-tools - A Gradle plugin that can be used to run Amplify CLI commands from within the Android Studio IDE.
  • testutils - Utility code, helpful when writing unit and instrumentation tests. A lot of it deals with making async code synchronous, for more legible tests.
  • testmodels - Models that are used in test code. These were generated by the Amplify CLI / code-gen. We have them checked-in to be sure they don't change and break some tests.

You should proceed by creating a new Java file, and writing your feature in isolation. This way, you can write independent unit tests for your feature. Unit tests are required for all features being added to the code-base. Once you have the skeleton of your feature working, you can integrate it into the existing source files.

Writing good Android code and good tests is far outside the scope of this document. But, to get started, you can use the templates below which show some conventions and expectations for source files in the Android codebase.

For example, let's say you want to add a Merger component to the AppSync Local implementation. Create a file in that module, and a unit test for it:

aws-datastore/src/main/com/amplifyframework/datastore/syncengine/Merger.java
aws-datastore/src/test/com/amplifyframework/datastore/syncengine/MergerTest.java

The code below might be a reasonable template for these new files.

/*
 * Copyright 2020 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * A copy of the License is located at
 *
 *  http://aws.amazon.com/apache2.0
 *
 * or in the "license" file accompanying this file. This file is distributed
 * on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either
 * express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing
 * permissions and limitations under the License.
 */

package com.amplifyframework.datastore.syncengine;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;

/**
 * Considers the state of the mutation outbox, before applying
 * data to the local storage adapter. Inputs to the merger
 * are data from the network.
 */
final class Merger {
    private final LocalStorageAdapter localStorageAdapter;
    private final MutationOutbox mutationOutbox;

    Merger(
            @NonNull LocalStorageAdapter localStorageAdapter,
            @NonNull MutationOutbox mutationOutbox) {
        this.localStorageAdapter = localStorageAdapter;
        this.mutationOutbox = mutationOutbox;
    }

    ...
}
/*
 * Copyright 2020 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * A copy of the License is located at
 *
 *  http://aws.amazon.com/apache2.0
 *
 * or in the "license" file accompanying this file. This file is distributed
 * on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either
 * express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing
 * permissions and limitations under the License.
 */

package com.amplifyframework.datastore.syncengine;

... imports here ...

/**
 * Tests the {@link Merger}.
 */
@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
public final class MergerTest {
    private LocalStorageAdapter localStorageAdapter;
    private MutationOutbox mutationOutbox;

    // Setup your object under test in @Before. Try to mock away
    // its dependencies.
    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.localStorageAdapter = mock(LocalStorageAdpater.class);
        this.mutationOutbox = mock(MutationOutbox.class);
        this.merger = new Merger(localStorageAdapter, mutationOutbox);
    }

    // Name the test in a way that you can tell the developer's intention
    // why did you decide to write this test? What should the code _do_?
    @Test
    public void mergerAppliesUpdates() {
        // Arrange: document preconditions for this test here
        ...

        // Act: what is the action of this test?
        ...
        // Assert: Given the arrangement, how does the code respond to the action?
    }
}

These templates encode some standards and best practices. Checkstyle and Android Lint are the ultimate authorities on this, and will tell you if something is badly formatted, or exciting a known shortcoming in Java, Android, or their library ecosystem.

Some suggestions include:

  • All files get a copyright header with the year of creation;
  • Use @NonNull and @Nullable annotations on any/all params, so that Kotlin knows what to do, when it consumes the library;
  • Label Arrange/Act/Assert portions of your unit tests, so others can follow their flow;
  • Arrange shared dependencies and test objects in an @Before method;
  • Prefer private and final class members where-ever possible. This limits scope and mutability;
  • Add documentation to anything that says public or protected. The checkstyle doesn't require documentation on package-local or private fields, but that might be a good idea, too, if you're doing some interesting/non-trivial work in those places.

Build and Validate Your Work

This will perform a clean build, run Checkstyle, Android Lint, and all unit tests. This must complete successfully before proposing a PR.

./gradlew clean build

Tip: Checkstyle specifies a specific ordering and spacing of import statements, maximum line length, and other rules. To setup the Android Studio editor to automatically organize import according to the project checkstyle, go to Preferences > Editor > Code Style > Java. Under Scheme, select "Project".

Run Instrumentation Tests

The instrumentation tests presume the presence of various backend resources. Currently, there is no mechanism for contributors to easily allocate these resources. This is tracked in Amplify issue 301.

AWS maintainers can gain access to awsconfiguration.json and amplifyconfiguration.json files in an S3 bucket, to find configurations suitable for running the integration tests.

If you are part of the private access list, the command below will copy those configurations to your local workspace:

cd amplify-android
.circleci/copy-configs

To run a specific test:

test='com.amplifyframework.api.aws.RestApiInstrumentationTest#getRequestWithIAM'
./gradlew cAT -Pandroid.testInstrumentationRunnerArguments.class="$test"

To run all tests:

./gradlew cAT

Test changes to CodeBuild build definitions

Changes made to one of the buildspec files under the ./scripts folder can be tested locally inside a docker container (See setup instructions in the CodeBuild docs).

The following command will spin up a docker container locally and run through the build definition in the buildspec file.

./scripts/codebuild_build.sh -i aws/codebuild/standard:4.0  -a build/codebuild-out -s . -d -m -c -b "scripts/<build_spec_file>.yml"

Note that the -c option pulls in AWS configuration from your local environment into the docker container. That means any AWS_* environment variables will be set inside the container. This is useful when the build process needs to access AWS resources from an AWS account. Be sure to check which AWS account your current credentials belong to and which permissions are granted. Typically, the target account should be a development account.

Reporting Bugs/Feature Requests

We welcome you to use the GitHub issue tracker to report bugs or suggest features.

When filing an issue, please check existing open and recently closed issues to make sure somebody else hasn't already reported the issue. Please try to include as much information as you can. Details like these are useful:

  • The version of the Framework you are using
  • Details and configurations for any backend resources that are relevant
  • A full exception trace of an error you observe
  • A statement about what system behavior you expect, alongside the behavior you actually observe

Contributing via Pull Requests

This is mostly the same as GitHub's guide on creating a pull request.

First, create a fork of amplify-android. Clone it, and make changes to this fork.

git clone [email protected]:your_username/amplify-android.git

After you have tested your feature/fix, by adding sufficient test coverage, and validating Checkstyle, lint, and the existing test suites, you're ready to publish your change.

The commit message should look like below. It started with a bracketed tag stating which module has been the focus of the change. After a paragraph describing what you've done, include links to useful resources. These might include design documents, StackOverflow implementation notes, GitHub issues, etc. All links must be publicly accessible.

[aws-datatore] Add a 3-way merging component for network ingress

The Merger checks the state of the Mutation Outbox before applying
remote changes, locally. Subscriptions, Mutation responses, and
base/delta sync all enter the local storage through the Merger.

Resolves: https://github.com/amplify-android/issues/222
See also: https://stackoverflow.com/a/58662077/695787

Now, save your work to a new branch:

git checkout -B add_merger_to_datastore

To publish it:

git push -u origin add_merger_to_datastore

This last step will give you a URL to view a GitHub page in your browser. Copy-paste this, and complete the workflow in the UI. It will invite you to "create a PR" from your newly published branch.

Your PR must be reviewed by at least one repository maintainer, in order to be considered for inclusion.

your PR must also pass the CircleCI workflow and LGTM validations. CircleCI will run all build tasks (Checkstyle, Lint, unit tests).

Currently, CircleCI DOES NOT run instrumentation tests for PRs that come from user forks. You should run these tests on your laptop before submitting the PR.

Troubleshooting

Environment Debugging

Are you using the right versions of Gradle, Ant, Groovy, Kotlin, Java, Mac OS X?

./gradlew -version

------------------------------------------------------------
Gradle 6.6
------------------------------------------------------------

Build time:   2020-08-10 22:06:19 UTC
Revision:     d119144684a0c301aea027b79857815659e431b9

Kotlin:       1.3.72
Groovy:       2.5.12
Ant:          Apache Ant(TM) version 1.10.8 compiled on May 10 2020
JVM:          1.8.0_242-release (JetBrains s.r.o 25.242-b3-6222593)
OS:           Mac OS X 10.15.6 x86_64

Do you have the Android SDK setup, and do you have a pointer to the Java environment?

echo -e $ANDROID_HOME\\n$JAVA_HOME 
/Users/jhwill/Library/Android/sdk
/Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jre/jdk/Contents/Home

Problems with the Build

If the build fails, and you can't figure out why from a Google search / StackOverflow session, try passing options to Gradle:

./gradlew --stacktrace

The next flag will spit out lots of info. It's only useful if you pipe the output to a file, and grep through it.

./gradlew --debug 2>&1 > debugging-the-build.log

Getting More Output

The Amplify Android library emits logs while it is running on a device or emulator. By default, debug and verbose logs are not output. However, you can change the log threshold at runtime, by explicitly configuring a logging plugin:

Amplify.addPlugin(AndroidLoggingPlugin(LogLevel.VERBOSE))
// ... Add more plugins only *after* setting the log plugin.

Failing Instrumentation Tests

If a single test is failing, run only that test, to isolate it. You may also want to see the output on the device that occurs, while the tests are executing.

# If you run this same code in a script/block, this will clear the log
# file each time.
rm -f device-logs-during-test.log

# Clear the device's, so you only get recent stuff.
adb logcat -c

# Run a particular test.
test='com.amplifyframework.api.aws.RestApiInstrumentationTest#getRequestWithIAM'
./gradlew cAT -Pandroid.testInstrumentationRunnerArguments.class="$test"

# Dump the device logs to your debugging file.
adb logcat -d > device-logs-during-test.log

Now, you can inspect both the test execution results, as well as what was happening on the device, in device-logs-during-test.log.

Related Repositories

This project is part of the Amplify Framework, which runs on Android, iOS, and numerous JavaScript-based web platforms. The Amplify CLI provides an entry point to configure backend resources for all of these platforms.

  1. AWS Amplify for Flutter
  2. AWS Amplify for iOS
  3. AWS Amplify for JavaScript
  4. AWS Amplify CLI

AWS Amplify plugins are built on top of "low-level" AWS SDKs. AWS SDKs are a toolkit for interacting with AWS backend resources.

  1. AWS SDK for Android
  2. AWS SDK for iOS
  3. AWS SDK for JavaScript

Finding Contributions to Make

Looking at the existing issues is a great way to find something to work on.

Code of Conduct

This project has adopted the Amazon Open Source Code of Conduct. For more information see the Code of Conduct FAQ or contact [email protected] with any additional questions or comments.

Security Issue Notifications

If you discover a potential security issue in this project we ask that you notify AWS/Amazon Security via our vulnerability reporting page. Please do not create a public GitHub issue.

Licensing

See the LICENSE for more information. We will ask you to confirm the licensing of your contribution.

We may ask you to sign a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) for larger changes.