pip-tools = pip-compile + pip-sync

A set of command line tools to help you keep your pip-based packages fresh, even when you've pinned them. You do pin them, right?

Installation

As part of a Python project's environment tooling (similar to pip), it's recommended to install pip-tools in each project's virtual environment:

$ source /path/to/venv/bin/activate
(venv)$ pip install pip-tools

Note: all of the remaining example commands assume you've activated your project's virtual environment.

Example usage for pip-compile

Requirements from setup.py

Suppose you have a Flask project, and want to pin it for production. If you have a setup.py with install_requires=['Flask'], then run pip-compile without any arguments:

$ pip-compile
#
# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile
# To update, run:
#
#    pip-compile --output-file requirements.txt setup.py
#
click==6.7                # via flask
flask==0.12.2
itsdangerous==0.24        # via flask
jinja2==2.9.6             # via flask
markupsafe==1.0           # via jinja2
werkzeug==0.12.2          # via flask

pip-compile will produce your requirements.txt, with all the Flask dependencies (and all underlying dependencies) pinned. You should put requirements.txt under version control.

Without setup.py

If you don't use setup.py (it's easy to write one), you can create a requirements.in file to declare the Flask dependency:

# requirements.in
Flask

Now, run pip-compile requirements.in:

$ pip-compile requirements.in
#
# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile
# To update, run:
#
#    pip-compile --output-file requirements.txt requirements.in
#
click==6.7                # via flask
flask==0.12.2
itsdangerous==0.24        # via flask
jinja2==2.9.6             # via flask
markupsafe==1.0           # via jinja2
werkzeug==0.12.2          # via flask

And it will produce your requirements.txt, with all the Flask dependencies (and all underlying dependencies) pinned. You should put both requirements.in and requirements.txt under version control.

Using hashes

If you would like to use Hash-Checking Mode available in pip since version 8.0, pip-compile offers --generate-hashes flag:

$ pip-compile --generate-hashes requirements.in
#
# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile
# To update, run:
#
#    pip-compile --generate-hashes --output-file requirements.txt requirements.in
#
click==6.7 \
    --hash=sha256:29f99fc6125fbc931b758dc053b3114e55c77a6e4c6c3a2674a2dc986016381d \
    --hash=sha256:f15516df478d5a56180fbf80e68f206010e6d160fc39fa508b65e035fd75130b \
    # via flask
flask==0.12.2 \
    --hash=sha256:0749df235e3ff61ac108f69ac178c9770caeaccad2509cb762ce1f65570a8856 \
    --hash=sha256:49f44461237b69ecd901cc7ce66feea0319b9158743dd27a2899962ab214dac1
itsdangerous==0.24 \
    --hash=sha256:cbb3fcf8d3e33df861709ecaf89d9e6629cff0a217bc2848f1b41cd30d360519 \
    # via flask
jinja2==2.9.6 \
    --hash=sha256:2231bace0dfd8d2bf1e5d7e41239c06c9e0ded46e70cc1094a0aa64b0afeb054 \
    --hash=sha256:ddaa01a212cd6d641401cb01b605f4a4d9f37bfc93043d7f760ec70fb99ff9ff \
    # via flask
markupsafe==1.0 \
    --hash=sha256:a6be69091dac236ea9c6bc7d012beab42010fa914c459791d627dad4910eb665 \
    # via jinja2
werkzeug==0.12.2 \
    --hash=sha256:903a7b87b74635244548b30d30db4c8947fe64c5198f58899ddcd3a13c23bb26 \
    --hash=sha256:e8549c143af3ce6559699a01e26fa4174f4c591dbee0a499f3cd4c3781cdec3d \
    # via flask

Updating requirements

To update all packages, periodically re-run pip-compile --upgrade.

To update a specific package to the latest or a specific version use the --upgrade-package or -P flag:

$ pip-compile --upgrade-package flask  # only update the flask package
$ pip-compile --upgrade-package flask --upgrade-package requests  # update both the flask and requests packages
$ pip-compile -P flask -P requests==2.0.0  # update the flask package to the latest, and requests to v2.0.0

If you use multiple Python versions, you can run pip-compile as py -X.Y -m piptools compile ... on Windows and pythonX.Y -m piptools compile ... on other systems.

Configuration

You might be wrapping the pip-compile command in another script. To avoid confusing consumers of your custom script you can override the update command generated at the top of requirements files by setting the CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND environment variable.

$ CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND="./pipcompilewrapper" pip-compile requirements.in
#
# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile
# To update, run:
#
#    ./pipcompilewrapper
#
flask==0.10.1
itsdangerous==0.24        # via flask
jinja2==2.7.3             # via flask
markupsafe==0.23          # via jinja2
werkzeug==0.10.4          # via flask

Example usage for pip-sync

Now that you have a requirements.txt, you can use pip-sync to update your virtual environment to reflect exactly what's in there. This will install/upgrade/uninstall everything necessary to match the requirements.txt contents.

Be careful: pip-sync is meant to be used only with a requirements.txt generated by pip-compile.

$ pip-sync
Uninstalling flake8-2.4.1:
  Successfully uninstalled flake8-2.4.1
Collecting click==4.1
  Downloading click-4.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (62kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 65kB 1.8MB/s
  Found existing installation: click 4.0
    Uninstalling click-4.0:
      Successfully uninstalled click-4.0
Successfully installed click-4.1

To sync multiple *.txt dependency lists, just pass them in via command line arguments, e.g.

$ pip-sync dev-requirements.txt requirements.txt

Passing in empty arguments would cause it to default to requirements.txt.

If you use multiple Python versions, you can run pip-sync as py -X.Y -m piptools sync ... on Windows and pythonX.Y -m piptools sync ... on other systems.

Note: pip-sync will not upgrade or uninstall packaging tools like setuptools, pip, or pip-tools itself. Use pip install --upgrade to upgrade those packages.

Note about pip

As of v2.0.0, pip-tools has vendored pip v9.0.3 in its codebase. This was done to keep pip-tools working for users with pip v10.0.0. Only the pip-sync command still use the pip found in the virtualenv, and only for the pip install and pip uninstall commands issued as shell-outs by pip-sync.

Other useful tools

• pipdeptree to print the dependency tree of the installed packages.